Introduction: The aim of this study validating and investigating reliability of the Eating Attitude Test (Garner & Garfunkel, 1979).Methods: 100 randomly selected student of Shahid Beheshti University participated in this study. Applied methods were: item analysis (degree of difficulty, discrimination coefficient, loop method), construct validity (confirmative factor analysis, internal correlation) and reliability of factors and total score.Result: In confirmative factor analysis 3 factors (dieting, bulimia and food preoccupation, oral control) were confirmed. The reliability of this test (Cronbach's Alpha) was 0.86.Conclusion: Considering result of this study, the Eating Attitude Test is reliable and can be use to assess pathologic Eating Attitudes and behaviors in Iran.

Background and Aims: Obesity and overweight are among the most common health problems in adolescence, which is rapidly increasing as a serious threat to health. Eating Attitude is one of the most crucial issues in Eating disorders that include beliefs, thoughts, feelings, behaviors, and relationships with food. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of group schema-therapy on Eating Attitude and self-regulation of overweight adolescent females with binge Eating disorder. Materials and Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted using a pretest-posttest design with a three-month follow-up. In total, 30 female students were selected purposefully within the age range of 15-17 years and body mass index of 25-29. 9 from high schools in Sari, Iran during 2018. Subsequently, according to the obtained score of 17 and higher in the binge Eating scale, they were assigned into two experimental (n=15) and control groups (n=15) using a randomized complete block design. The experimental group participated in 13[Z1] group schema therapy sessions of 1. 5 h weekly. Both groups were assessed again one week after the intervention and three months after the last session of the treatment. The data were collected using the Binge Eating Scale, Young Schemas Questionnaire with 90-question Short Form, Eating Attitude Test-26, and self-regulation questionnaire. Moreover, the data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 22) through repeated measures of ANOVA and covariance analysis. Results: The results indicated significant differences between pretest and posttest regarding the Eating Attitude and self-regulation scores in the experimental group, which were consistent until the follow-up stage (P<0. 05). Conclusion: According to the results of this study, it is recommended that clinical specialists use the group schema therapy approach in the treatment of people with binge Eating disorder.

Introduction: The risk of being affected by infectious diseases in dentistry directly depends upon the degree of contact with body liquids, such as blood and saliva, as well as the working tools. Different micro-organisms including the viruses causing AIDS and Hepatitis B as well as oral thrush are possible to be transferred in dentistry. According to the Dental intervention (FDI), it is suggested that all dental patients, in spite of the healthy look, are considered to be infective. Therefore, the health principles and protective and safety methods must be observed in all the sequences to prevent cross-infection. Thus, the present study seeks to investigate the degree to which the dentists in Isfahan respect and approach to such standards.Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional descriptive study. In order to answer the questions of the study (as found in tables 1&2), the data related to the participants’ Attitudes and performance were collected by having them fill out a questionnaire and a checklist. A total of 140 dentists in Isfahan were selected through a random sampling in 1385 (HS). The data collected was then evaluated with SPSS.Results: The mean score obtained from the Attitude-related questions was 5.36. Also, the mean score of performance-related questions was found to be 8.03. No significant relation was found between the dentists` Attitudes and the years of service (P=0.092, r=0.17). No significant relation was found between the dentists` performance and the years of service (P=0.12, r=0.15). No significant relation was found between the dentists` Attitudes and their performance (P=0.1, r=0.16).

Background: Obesity is a chronic disease that causes several medical and psychiatric complications. There are plenty of pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapies for obesity treatment. Bariatric surgery is one of the most efficient nonpharmacological treatment for morbid obesity; however, several psychological factors affect the success of bariatric surgery. This study aims to evaluate personality characteristics and Eating Attitude relationship with the success of bariatric surgery. Methods: This study was carried out on 75 patients with obesity who were candidates of bariatric surgery in the obesity clinic of Rasoul-e-Akram Hospital in Tehran. The patients were asked to fill the TCI and EAT-26 questionnaires before and after the surgery. Statistical analyses were performed using the SPSS-23 applying T-test, Mann-Whitney tests and Pearson and Spearman's correlation coefficient. The significance level was set at 0. 05. Results: Seventy-five patients, including 13 men and 62 women, were assessed through this study. The mean of the BMI of the participants was 44. 7 prior to the surgery and 30 after the operation. Personality characteristics and Eating Attitudes had no significant relationship with the success of bariatric surgery. Conclusion: Although the Eating Attitude and personal characteristics of the bariatric surgery candidates before the surgery was not related to the outcome of the surgery, they should be considered in post-operational psychological assessments.

Background and Objectives: Overweight and Eating disorders are among prevalent nutritional problems, especially in adolescent girls. With attention to the scarcity of data on the subject, this study was carried out to determine Body Mass Index (BMI) status and its. Relation to Eating Attitudes, among adolescent girls in Tabriz.Materials and Methods: In a systematic random method, 1887 high school girls, aged 14-18 years, were selected. According to the definitions of Center for Disease Control (CDC) and International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) and using the body mass index percentiles, subjects were divided. Eating Attitudes were assessed by using Eating Attitude Test-26 (EAT-26) questionnaire.Results: Prevalence of underweight, normal weight, at risk of overweight, and overweight in the studied subjects was 5.6, 77.6, 12.4-16.1, and 3.6-4.4%, respectively. Body mass index was positively correlated with EAT-26 score (r=0.22, P<0.01). At risk of overweight or overweight students, had higher EAT-26 score than normal or underweight individuals (P<0.01).Conclusion: Abnormal BMI is prevalent among high school girls in Tabriz. BMI is an important factor for the development of abnormal Eating Attitudes. In adolescent girls, abnormal BMI can lead to abnormal Eating Attitudes.

Background and Objectives: Eating disorders are disease which is prevalent in adolescent girls. This study was carried out to determine prevalence of high school girls which are at risk for Eating disorders, and their relation to demographic parameters, in Tabriz.Materials and Methods: 1887 high school girls were selected by simple random method. Eating Attitude Test-26 (EAT-26) was used. After determination of it.s validity and reliability, prevalence of at risk students for Eating disorder and their relation to demographic parameters were assessed.Results: The questionnaire had good validity and reliability (0.76, 0.8, respectively). Mean and standard deviation of EAT-26 score was: 11.71±8.48. 16.7% (C.I with 95%: 15.1-18.3%) of students were at risk for Eating disorders. There was not any significant deference in prevalence of Eating disorders in different age groups. EAT-26 score and Eating disorder prevalence were higher in students, who considered themselves as obese, inclined to weight loss, were smoker, and who had menarche at below than 11 years (P <0.05). Conclusion: Our results are less than studies in Tehran, Arabian countries, and some European ones. Our results show that Eating disorders can be seen in our community. Body weight Attitude, age of menarche and smoking have role in increasing of Eating disorders incidence.

Introduction and Aim: The most common Eating disorder is overEating which is seen in obese or overweight people. Overweight people have problems with Eating habits and mental health, and there is little evidence of the effectiveness of neuro-linguistic programming (NLP) interventions in improving health-related outcomes. Therefore, the present study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of the NLP method on Eating Attitude and mental health of overweight people. Methods: This quasi-experimental study was a pre-test, post-test, and 3-month follow-up with a control group. The study population was overweight people referred to nutrition clinics and health centres in Dehdasht, Iran in 2019. Based on inclusion criteria, 24 people were selected by the purposive sampling method and randomly allocated into two equal groups. The experimental group received 10 two-hour sessions for five weeks of NLP training and the control group did not receive training. Data were collected using the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26) and Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21). Results: There was no significant difference between experimental and control groups in terms of gender, marriage, education, and employment (P>0. 05). In addition, there was no significant difference between the groups in the pre-test stage in terms of Eating Attitude and mental health (P>0. 05), but in the post-test and follow-up phases, a significant difference was recorded in terms of both variables (P<0. 05). Also, the NLP method compared to the control group improved the Eating Attitude and mental health of overweight people and the results were maintained in the follow-up phase (P<0. 05). Conclusion: According to the current findings, planning to use the NLP method along with other training methods is necessary to improve psychological characteristics. As a result, health professionals and therapists can use the NLP method to improve Eating habits and the mental health of overweight people.